When we hear the word “arthritis,” the image that might spring to mind is elderly people hunched over, hands crabbed with painful lumps. Arthritis is not a condition reserved for the elderly. Over 300,000 kids in the U.S. suffer from juvenile arthritis, and July is Juvenile Arthritis Awareness Month. This month is set aside annually to raise awareness and support for children and families affected by this debilitating condition, as well as to raise money for research and study.

πŸ§’What is juvenile arthritis? 

Juvenile arthritis is not quite the same as arthritis experienced by older people. There are several types of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA, previously referred to as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, or JRA):
  • Systemic onset JIA: The rarest form of JIA, system onset JIA makes up only 10-20% of juvenile arthritis cases. It generally appears between the ages of five and ten and affects the entire body, including pain in all joints and a rash on the body. This is also referred to as “Still’s disease,” named after the doctor who first diagnosed this illness.
  • Olioarticular JIA: This type of juvenile arthritis impacts fewer than five joints.
  • Polyarticular JIA: “Poly” means many, and this type causes pain, redness, and swelling in more than five joints.
  • Enthesitis-related JIA: This type of juvenile arthritis impacts boys more than girls and begins usually between the ages of eight and 15. Swelling and pain in the tendons and ligaments restricts range of motion to varying degrees, depending on the severity.
  • Psoriatic arthritis: This type of arthritis is not restricted to children only. Initial diagnosis may be of psoriasis, a skin condition that causes patchy, flaky skin and may progress to joint pain and inflammation.
Unlike most adult forms of arthritis that are caused by wear and tear or joint degeneration and inflammation, juvenile arthritis is an autoimmune disorder. Children do not have fully formed immune systems, and their bodies begin to attack the joints, causing swelling, inflammation, and pain. Kids as young as six months can exhibit symptoms of JIA, and the initial severity of the disease, along with the number of joints affected, often predicts if total remission will be achievable.